THE EFFECT OF ACARICIDAL DRUGS BASED ON HERBAL RAW MATERIAL ON THE FERTILITY OF IXODES RICINUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2021.4.75.174Keywords:
Ixodes ticks, acaricides, thymole, citral, cypermethrin.Abstract
Therefore, a problem of successful control of ixodes ticks occupies the important place in veterinary medicine and requires searching of new highly effective ascaricidic drugs. Modern synthetic acaricides has led to the environmental pollution problems and further development of resistance within the target tick populations. It really appeared to be the environmental problem. Taking into consideration this fact, the ixodes tick's population decreasing is one of the most important tasks of veterinary science and it requires searching for new environmentally friendly and highly effective acaricides. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of an acaricidal drug developed by us (based on thymol and citral with the addition of sage essential oil) with a synthetic chemical (based on cypermethrin 0.125%) on the fertility of females Ixodes ricinus. Our research showed that the components of the drug can affect the reproductive function of females of ixodes ticks by prolonging the time of egg formation by 3-4 days and reducing their productivity by 80.8% and lead to the death of females before they have completed the process of egg production. The development of environmentally friendly acaricides to limit the number of ectoparasitic arthropods is of practical importance and can give a new understanding of the possible use of essential oils as a part of acaricidal and repellent drugs with low impact on the environment, as well as on human and animal health.
References
Githeko A.K., Lindsay S.W., Confalonieri U.E. et al. Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a regional analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(9):1136–47.
Jongejan F, Uilenberg G. The global importance of ticks. Parasitology. 2004;129(S): 3–14.
Zanet S., Battisti E., Pepe P. et al. Tick-borne pathogens in Ixodidae ticks collected from privatelyowned dogs in Italy: a country-wide molecular survey. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16(1).
Liberska J., Michalik J., Pers-Kamczyc E. et al. Prevalence of Babesia canis DNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in forest and urban ecosystems in westcentral Poland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12(5).
Biletska H., Podavalenko L., Semenyshyn O. et al. Study of Lyme borreliosis in Ukraine. Int J Med Microbiol. 2008;298(44):154–60.
Weiner M., Zukiewicz-Sobczak W., Tokarska-Rodak M. et al. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from the Ternopil region in Ukraine. J Vet Res. 2018;62(3):275–80.
Levytska V.A., Mushinsky A.B., Zubrikova D. et al. Detection of pathogens in ixodid ticks collected from animals and vegetation in five regions of Ukraine. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2021;12(1).
Ouarti B., Hamzaoui B., El Stanko M. et al. Detection of Rickettsia raoultii in Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis inermis ticks in Slovakia. Biologia (Bratisl).
Moore T.C., Pulscher L.A., Caddell L. et al. Evidence for transovarial transmission of tick-borne rickettsiae circulating in Northern Mongolia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(8).
Capligina V., Seleznova M., Akopjana S. et al. Large-scale countrywide screening for tick-borne pathogens in field-collected ticks in Latvia during 2017-2019. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1).
Voronova N.V., Gorban' V.V. Epіdemіologіchne znachennja krovosisnih chlenistonogih reakcіjnih zon pіvnіchno-zahіdnogo priazov’ja. Vіsnik Zaporіz'kogo derzhavnogo unіversitetu Bіologіchnі nauki. 2009; 2: 126–31.
Malik A., Afshan K., Razzaq A. et all. Comparative Efficacy of Synthetic Acaricides Against Tick Infestations in Goats. KAFKAS Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2021;27(2):159–64.
Sharma A., Kumar V., Shahzad B. et al. Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem. SN Appl Sci. 2019;1(11):1446.
Castro-Janer E., Martins J.R., Mendes M.C. et al. Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Vet Parasitol. 2010;173(3– 4):300–6.
Naqqash M. N., Gokce, A., Bakhsh, A. et al. Insecticide resistance and its molecular basis in urban insect pests. Parasitol Res. 2016;115(4):1363–73.
Becker S., Webster A., Doyle R. L. et all. Resistance to deltamethrin, fipronil and ivermectin in the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto, Latreille (Atari: Ixodidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2019;10(5):1046–50.
El-Seedi H. R., Azeem M., Khalil N. S. et all. Essential oils of aromatic Egyptian plants repel nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 2017;73(1):139–57.
Lazcano Diaz E., Padilla Camberos E., Castillo Herrera G. A. et al. Development of essential oil-based phyto-formulations to control the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus using a mixture design approach. Exp Parasitol. 2019;201:26–33.
Nwanade C.F., Wang M., Wang T. et al. Botanical acaricides and repellents in tick control: current status and future directions. Exp Appl Acarol. 2020;81(1):1–35.
El-Seedi H.R., Khalil N.S., Azeem M. et al. Chemical Composition and Repellency of Essential Oils From Four Medicinal Plants Against Ixodes ricinus Nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 2012;49(5):1067–75.
Peixoto M.G., Costa L.M., Blank A.F. et al. Acaricidal activity of essential oils from Lippia alba genotypes and its major components carvone, limonene, and citral against Rhipicephalus microplus. Vet Parasitol. 2015;210(1–2):118–22.
Balashov Y.S. Ixodid Ticks -Parasites and Vectors of Diseases. In: Ixodid Ticks -Parasites and Vectors of Diseases. Nauka; 1998. p. 287.
Voronova N. V., Horban V. V., Bohatkina V.A. The efficacy of natural acaricide application against ixodidae (Ixodes ricinus). Acta Biol Ukr. 2019;(1):31–9.
Thorsell W., Mikiver A., Tunon H. Repelling properties of some plant materials on the tick Ixodes ricinus L. PHYTOMEDICINE. 2006;13(1–2):132–4.
Badawy M.E.I., El-Arami S.A.A., Abdelgaleil S.A.M. Acaricidal and quantitative structure activity relationship of monoterpenes against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Exp Appl Acarol. 2010;52(3):261–74.
Cardoso A.D., Santos E.G.G., Lima A.D. et al. Terpenes on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Acaricidal activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Vet Parasitol. 2020;280.
Xie Y.J., Jin H., Yang X. et al. Toxicity of the essential oil from Thymus serpyllum and thymol to larvae and pupae of the housefly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27. 28. Buczek A., Bartosik K., Kuczyński P. The toxic effect of permethrin and cypermethrin on engorged Ixodes ricinus females. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2014;21(2):259–62.
Muyobela J., Nkunika P.O.Y., Mwase E.T. Resistance status of ticks (Acari; Ixodidae) to amitraz and cypermethrin acaricides in Isoka District, Zambia. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2015 Dec;47(8):1599–605.
Uspensky I., Ioffe-Uspensky I. The relationship between engorged female weight and egg number in ixodid ticks: a biological interpretation of linear regression parameters. Acarologia. 1999;40(1):9–17.
Liu J., Liu Z., Zhang Y., et al Biology of Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Exp Appl Acarol. 2005;36(1– 2):131–8.
Matos R.S., de Oliveira P.R., Coelho L. et al. Thymol: Effects on reproductive biology and Gene’s organ morphology in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato engorged females (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020;11(1).
Monteiro C., Ferreira L.L., de Paula L.G., et al. Thymol and eugenol microemulsion for Rhiphicephalus sanguineus sensu lato control: Formulation development, field efficacy, and safety on dogs. Vet Parasitol. 2021;296.
Daemon E., de Oliveira Monteiro C.M., Rosa L. et al. Arcoverde A. Evaluation of the acaricide activity of thymol on engorged and unengorged larvae of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1808) (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasitol Res. 2009;105(2):495–7.
Araujo L.X., Novato T.P.L., Zeringota V. et al. Synergism of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol in larvae of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, and brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Med Vet Entomol. 2016;30(4):377–82.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
CC BY-ND
A work licensed in this way allows the following:
1. The freedom to use and perform the work: The licensee must be allowed to make any use, private or public, of the work.
2. The freedom to study the work and apply the information: The licensee must be allowed to examine the work and to use the knowledge gained from the work in any way. The license may not, for example, restrict "reverse engineering."
2. The freedom to redistribute copies: Copies may be sold, swapped or given away for free, in the same form as the original.
